Capital Punishment Essay - The Death Penalty :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

The Death Penalty The death penalty is a very controversial issue. Many people have different opinions about how a criminal should be disciplined. Over 80% of Americans favor the death penalty. Presently, thirty-eight states have the death penalty, but is the concept of "a life for a life" the best way to castigate a criminal? Of the thirteen states that do not have the death penalty, is crime more likely to occur there than in states that have the death penalty? (The Economist, April 1, 1995, p. 19) Have there been criminals wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death row? Does the death penalty really scare criminals off and make them think twice about committing a crime? Is the death penalty fair to everyone, even the minorities and the poor? How does mental illness and retardation come into play? When a person is sentenced to death by lethal injection in New Jersey, the provisions of N.J.S. 2C: 11-3 say that the "punishment shall be imposed by continuous, intravenous administration until the person is dead of a lethal quantity of an ultrashot acting barbiturate in combination with a chemical paralytic agent in a quantity sufficient to cause death." Prior to the lethal injection, the person shall be sedated by a licensed physician, registered nurse, or other qualified personnel, by either oral tablet or capsule or an intramuscular injection of a narcotic or barbiturate such as morphine, cocaine, or demerol. In the provisions of the N.J.S. 2C: 49-3, it says that the Commissioner of the Department of Corrections determines the substances and procedure to be used in execution. The Commissioner shall also designate persons who are qualified to administer injections and who are familiar with medical procedures, other than licensed physicians. Also, persons conducting the execution must be unknown to the person being executed. Under the N.J.S. 2C: 49-7, only certain people are allowed to be present at the execution. They include: the Commissioner, execution technicians, two licensed physicians, six adult citizens, no more than two clergymen not related to the person, two representatives from major news wire services, two television representatives, two newspaper representatives, and two radio representatives. No one related either by blood or by marriage to the person being executed or to the victim is permitted to be present during the execution. (New Jersey Statutes Annotated: Title 2C Code of Criminal Justice: 2C: 37 to 2C: End) There are two very important Supreme Court cases dealing with capital punishment. In 1972, in the case of Furman vs. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that under then existing laws, "the imposition and carrying out of the death

Bloodlines Chapter Fifteen

ADRIAN SLEPT for a lot of the way back to Palm Springs. Apparently, his late-night partying with Carla and Krissy had resulted in very little rest. Thinking about it made me uncomfortable. Thinking about Jill experiencing it through him made me ill. There'd been little we could do for Carla and Krissy except offer our sympathies. Strigoi attacks happened. It was tragic and terrible, but the only way most Moroi could protect themselves was to exercise caution, keep their whereabouts secure, and stay with guardians if possible. For non-royal Moroi living and going to school in the world like Carla and Krissy were, guardians weren't an option. Plenty of Moroi got by like that; they just had to be careful. The two of them thought the circumstances surrounding their friend's death were awful. That was true. They were. But neither girl thought much past that or felt there was anything odd about the throat-slitting. I wouldn't have either if I hadn't heard Clarence's account of his niece's death. I brought Adrian back to Amberwood with me and signed him in briefly as a guest, figuring Jill would feel better about seeing him in the flesh. Sure enough, she was already waiting for us in the dorm when we arrived. She hugged him and flashed me a grateful look. Eddie was with her, and though he said nothing, there was a look of exasperation on his face that said I wasn't the only one who thought Adrian had behaved ridiculously. â€Å"I was so worried,† Jill said. Adrian ruffled her hair, which made her duck away. â€Å"Nothing to worry about, Jailbait. So long as the wrinkles come out of this shirt, there's no harm done.† No harm done, I thought, feeling anger kindle within me. No harm except Jill has to watch Adrian hook up with other girls and endure his drinking binges. It didn't matter if Lee had supplanted her old crush on Adrian. She was just too young to witness anything like that. Adrian had been selfish. â€Å"Now,† Adrian continued, â€Å"if Sage would be kind enough to keep playing chauffeur, I'll take us all out to lunch.† â€Å"I thought you didn't have any money,† I pointed out. â€Å"I said I don't have very much money.† Jill and Eddie exchanged looks. â€Å"We, um, were going to meet Micah for lunch,† Jill said. â€Å"Bring him along,† said Adrian. â€Å"He can meet the family.† Micah showed up shortly thereafter and was happy to meet our other â€Å"brother.† He shook Adrian's hand and smiled. â€Å"Now I see some family resemblance. I was starting to wonder if Jill was adopted, but you two kind of look like each other.† â€Å"So does our mailman back in North Dakota,† said Adrian. â€Å"South,† I corrected. Fortunately, Micah didn't seem to think there was anything weird about the slip. â€Å"Right,† said Adrian. He studied Micah thoughtfully. â€Å"There's something familiar about you. Have we met?† Micah shook his head. â€Å"I've never been to South Dakota.† I was pretty sure I heard Adrian murmur, â€Å"That makes two of us.† â€Å"We should go,† said Eddie hastily, moving toward our dorm's door. â€Å"I've got some homework to catch up on later.† I frowned, puzzled by the attitude change. Eddie wasn't a bad student by any means, but it had been obvious to me since coming to Amberwood that he didn't take the same interest in the school that I did. This was a repeated year for him, and he was content to just play along and only do what was necessary to stay in good standing. If anyone else thought his behavior was odd, they didn't show it. Micah was already talking to Jill about something, and Adrian still looked like he was trying to place Micah. Adrian's generous offer to buy lunch only extended to fast food, so our meal was quick. After a week of dorm food, though, I appreciated the change, and Adrian had long since made his views clear on Dorothy's â€Å"healthy† cooking. â€Å"You should've just gotten a kids' meal,† Adrian told me, pointing to my half-eaten burger and fries. â€Å"You could have saved me a lot of money. And gotten a toy.† ‘†A lot' is kind of an exaggeration,† I said. â€Å"Besides, now you have leftovers to help get you by.† He rolled his eyes and stole a fry off my plate. â€Å"You're the one who should take the leftovers home. How do you even function on so little food?† he demanded. â€Å"One of these days, you're just going to blow away.† â€Å"Stop it,† I said. â€Å"Just telling it like it is,† he said with a shrug. â€Å"You could stand to gain about ten pounds.† I stared at him incredulously, too shocked to even come up with a response. What did a Moroi know about weight gain? They had perfect figures. They didn't know what it was like to look in the mirror and see inadequacy, to never feel good enough. It was effortless for them, whereas no matter how hard I worked, I never seemed to match their inhuman perfection. Adrian's eyes drifted over to where Jill, Eddie, and Micah were animatedly talking about practicing more self-defense together. â€Å"They're kind of cute,† said Adrian in a voice pitched just for my ears. He played with his straw as he studied the group. â€Å"Maybe Castile was on to something about letting her date at the school.† â€Å"Adrian,† I groaned. â€Å"Kidding,† he said. â€Å"Lee would probably challenge him to a duel. He couldn't stop talking about her, you know. When we got back from mini-golfing, Lee just kept going on with, ‘When can we all go out again?' And yet, he dropped off the face of the earth when he was in LA and I needed him.† â€Å"Had you made plans to meet up?† I asked. â€Å"Had he agreed to take you home?† â€Å"No,† Adrian admitted. â€Å"But what else was he really doing?† Just then, a gray-haired man passed by, bumping into Jill's chair as he balanced a tray of burgers and sodas. Nothing spilled, but Eddie jumped to his feet with lightning speed, ready to fly across the table and defend her. The man backed up and mumbled an apology. Adrian shook his head in amazement. â€Å"Just send him as a chaperone with whoever she goes out with, and we'll never have to worry.† Knowing what I knew now about Adrian and Jill's bond, I was able to regard Eddie's protectiveness in a different light. Oh, sure, I knew his guardian training had instilled that nature into him, but there always seemed to be something a little stronger there. Something almost†¦ personal. At first, I'd wondered if maybe it was because Jill was just part of his larger circle of friends, like Rose. Now, I kept thinking it might go further than that. Jill had said Eddie had been the only one to try to protect her the night of the attack. He'd failed, most likely through timing and not because of a lack of skill. But what kind of mark must that have left on him? He was someone whose sole purpose in life was to defend others – and he'd had to watch someone die on his watch. Now that Adrian had brought her back to life, was it almost like a second chance for Eddie? An opportunity to redeem himself? Maybe that's why he was so vigilant. â€Å"You look confused,† said Adrian. I shook my head and sighed. â€Å"I think I'm just overthinking things.† He nodded solemnly. â€Å"That's why I try to never do it.† An earlier question popped into my head. â€Å"Hey, how come you told those girls your name was Jet?† â€Å"Standard practice if you don't want chicks to find you later, Sage. Besides, I figured I was protecting our operation here.† â€Å"Yeah, but why Jet? Why not†¦ I don't know†¦ Travis or John?† Adrian gave me a look that said I was wasting his time. â€Å"Because Jet sounds badass.† After lunch, we returned Adrian to Clarence's, and the rest of us went back to Amberwood. Jill and Micah went off to do their own thing, and I convinced Eddie to go to the library with me. There, we staked out a table, and I brought out my laptop. â€Å"So, we found out something interesting when I picked up Adrian today,† I told Eddie, keeping my voice library soft. Eddie gave me a wry look. â€Å"I'm guessing the whole experience of picking up Adrian was interesting – at least from what Jill told me.† â€Å"It could've been worse,† I speculated. â€Å"At least he was dressed when I got there. And there were only two other Moroi there. I didn't stumble into a sorority house full of them or anything.† That made him laugh. â€Å"You might have had a harder time getting Adrian out of there if that was the case.† My laptop screen flared to life, and I began the complicated process of logging into the Alchemists' mega-secure database. â€Å"Well, as we were leaving, the girls he was with found out that a friend of theirs was killed by Strigoi the other night.† All humor vanished from Eddie's face. His eyes went hard. â€Å"Where?† â€Å"In LA, not here,† I added. I should've known better than to open up the conversation like that without clearly stating beforehand that he didn't need to be on the lookout for Strigoi on campus. â€Å"As far as we know, everyone's right – Strigoi don't want to hang out in Palm Springs.† Eddie became about one percent less tense. â€Å"Here's the thing,† I continued. â€Å"This Moroi girl – this friend of theirs – was allegedly killed like Clarence's niece.† Eddie's eyebrows rose. â€Å"With the slit throat?† I nodded. â€Å"That's weird. Are you sure that's what happened – to either of them? I mean, we're just going off of Clarence's report, right?† Eddie drummed a pencil against the table as he pondered this. â€Å"Clarence is nice enough, but come on. We all know he's not quite there.† â€Å"That's why I brought you here. And why I wanted to check this database. We keep track of most Strigoi-related deaths.† Eddie peered over my shoulder as I brought up an entry on Tamara Donahue from five years ago. Sure enough, she'd been found with a cut throat. Another search on Melody Croft – Krissy and Carla's friend – also turned up a report from last night. My people had been on the scene and quick to log the information. Melody too had had her throat slit. There had been other reported Strigoi murders in LA – it was a big city, after all – but only two matched this profile. â€Å"Are you still thinking about what Clarence said – about vampire hunters?† Eddie asked me. â€Å"I don't know. I just thought it was worth checking these out.† â€Å"Guardians weighed in on both of these cases,† said Eddie, pointing at the screen. â€Å"They also declared them Strigoi attacks – there was blood taken from both girls. That's what a Strigoi does. I don't know what a vampire hunter does, but I just don't see drinking blood as part of their goal.† â€Å"I wouldn't think so either. But neither of these girls was drained.† â€Å"Strigoi don't always finish drinking from their victims. Especially if they're interrupted. This girl Melody was killed near a club, right? I mean, if her killer heard someone coming, they'd just take off.† â€Å"I suppose. But what about the throat-slitting?† Eddie shrugged. â€Å"We have tons of accounts of Strigoi doing crazy things. Just look at Keith and his eye. They're evil. You can't apply logic to them.† â€Å"Um, let's leave his eye out of this.† Keith wasn't a case I wanted brought up. I sat back in my chair and sighed. â€Å"There's just something bugging me about all the killings. The half-drinking. The throat-slitting. They're both strange things happening together. And I don't like strange things.† â€Å"Then you're in the wrong profession,† said Eddie, his smile returning. I smiled back, my mind still turning everything over. â€Å"I suppose so.† When I didn't say anything else, he gave me a surprised look. â€Å"You're not actually†¦ you don't think there are vampire hunters, do you?† â€Å"No, not really. We have no evidence to think they exist.† â€Å"But†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Eddie prompted. â€Å"But,† I said. â€Å"Doesn't the idea freak you out a little? I mean, right now, you know who to look out for. Other Moroi. Strigoi. They stand out. But a human vampire hunter?† I gestured to the students gathered and working in the library. â€Å"You wouldn't know who's a threat.† Eddie shook his head. â€Å"It's pretty easy, actually. I just treat everyone as a threat.† I couldn't decide if that made me feel better or not. When I returned to my dorm later, Mrs. Weathers flagged me down. â€Å"Ms. Terwilliger dropped something off for you.† â€Å"She brought me something?† I asked in surprise. â€Å"It's not money, is it?† So far, none of my coffee purchases had been reimbursed. By way of answer, Mrs. Weathers handed over a leather-covered book. At first, I thought it was the one I'd just finished. Then I looked more closely at the cover and read Volume 2. A yellow sticky note attached to the book had Ms. Terwilliger's spidery writing on it: Next. I sighed and thanked Mrs. Weathers. I'd do any task my teacher asked of me, but I was kind of hoping she'd assign me a book that was more of a historical account than recipes for spells. As I was walking down my hall, I heard a few exclamations of alarm from the far end. I could see an open door and a few people huddled around it. Hurrying past my own room, I went to see what the problem was. It was Julia and Kristin's room. Although I wasn't sure I really had the right, I pushed my way past some of the frightened onlookers. No one stopped me. I found Kristin lying on her bed, twitching violently. She was sweating profusely, and her pupils were so large, there was hardly any discernible iris. Julia sat near her on the bed, as did a couple girls I didn't know so well. She looked up at my approach, her face filled with fear. â€Å"Kristin?† I cried. â€Å"Kristin, are you okay?† When no response came, I turned to the others. â€Å"What's the matter with her?† Julia anxiously refolded a wet cloth and placed it on Kristin's forehead. â€Å"We don't know. She's been like this since this morning.† I stared incredulously. â€Å"Then she needs to see a doctor! We need to call someone now. I'll get Mrs. Weathers – â€Å" â€Å"No!† Julia jumped up and caught hold of my arm. â€Å"You can't. The reason she's like this†¦ well, we think it's because of the tattoo.† â€Å"Tattoo?† One of the other girls caught hold of Kristin's wrist and turned it so that I could see the inside. There, tattooed in glittering coppery ink on her dusky skin, was a daisy. I remembered Kristin pining for a celestial tattoo, but last I knew, she couldn't afford it. â€Å"When did she get this?† â€Å"Earlier today,† said Julia. She looked abashed. â€Å"I lent her the money.† I stared at that sparkling flower, so pretty and seemingly harmless. I had no doubt it was what was causing this fit. Whatever was mixed with the ink to provide the high wasn't reacting correctly with her system. â€Å"She needs a doctor,† I said firmly. â€Å"You can't. We'll have to tell them about the tattoos,† said the girl who had been holding Kristin's hand. â€Å"No one believed Trey, but if they saw something like this†¦ well, everything at Nevermore could be shut down.† Good! I thought. But to my astonishment, her words were met with nods from the other gathered girls. Were they crazy? How many of them had those ridiculous tattoos? And was protecting them really more important than Kristin's life? Julia swallowed and sat back down on the edge of the bed. â€Å"We were hoping this might pass. Maybe she needs a little time to adjust.† Kristin moaned. One of her legs trembled like it was having a muscle spasm and then stilled. Her eyes and their large pupils stared off blankly, and her breathing was shallow. â€Å"She's had all day!† I pointed out. â€Å"You guys, she could die.† â€Å"How do you know?† asked Julia in astonishment. I didn't, not for sure. But every once in a while, Alchemist tattoos didn't take either. In ninety-nine percent of the cases, human bodies accepted the vampire blood used in an Alchemist tattoo, allowing its properties to infuse with our own, kind of like a low-grade dhampir. We gained good stamina and long life, though hardly got the amazing physical abilities dhampirs received. The blood was too diluted for that. Even so, there was always the occasional person who got sick from an Alchemist tattoo. The blood poisoned them. It was made worse because the gold and other chemicals worked to keep the blood infused in the skin, so it never had a chance to leave. Those left untreated died. Vampire blood wouldn't cause a euphoric high, so I didn't believe there was any in this tattoo. But the treatment we used for Alchemist tattoos relied on breaking down the metallic components of the tattoo in order to release the blood, allowing the body then to clear it naturally. I had to assume the same principle would work here. Only, I didn't know the exact formula for the Alchemist compound and wasn't even sure it would break down copper like it did gold. I bit my lip, thinking, and finally made a decision. â€Å"I'll be right back,† I told them, racing to my room. All the while, an inner voice chastised me for foolishness. I had no business attempting what I was about to. I should go straight to Mrs. Weathers. Instead, I opened my room door and found Jill with her laptop. â€Å"Hey, Sydney,† she said, smiling. â€Å"I'm IM-ing with Lee and – † She did a double take. â€Å"What's wrong?† I turned on my own laptop and set it on the bed. While it booted up, I reached for a small metal suitcase I'd carefully packed but never expected to use. â€Å"Can you go get me some water? Quickly?† Jill hesitated only a moment before nodding. â€Å"Be right back,† she said, jumping off her bed. While she was gone, I unlocked the case with a key I always kept on me. Inside it were small amounts of dozens of Alchemist compounds, the kinds of substances we mixed together and used as part of our jobs. Some ingredients – like the ones I used to dissolve Strigoi bodies – I had lots of. Others, I had only a sampling of. My laptop finished booting up, and I logged onto the Alchemist database. A few searches and I soon had the formula for antitattoo treatment pulled up. Jill returned then, carrying a cup brimming with water. â€Å"Is this enough? If we were in any other climate, I could've pulled it straight from the air.† â€Å"It's fine,† I said, glad the climate had kept her from magic. I scanned the formula, analyzing which ingredients did what. I mentally deleted the ones I was certain were specific to gold. A couple I didn't even have, but I was pretty sure they were simply for skin comfort and weren't requisite. I began pulling out ingredients from my kit, carefully measuring them – though still moving as quickly as possible – into another cup. I made substitutions where necessary and added an ingredient I was certain would break down copper, though the amount required was only a guess on my part. When I finished, I took the water from Jill and added the same amount that was in the original instructions. The final result was a liquid that reminded me of iodine. I lifted it up and felt a little like a mad scientist. Jill had watched me without comment the entire time, sensing the urgency. Her face was filled with concern, but she was biting back all the questions I knew she had. She followed me when I left the room and headed back to Kristin's. More girls were there than before, and it was honestly a wonder Mrs. Weathers didn't just hear the racket. For a group so intent on protecting their precious tattoos, they weren't being particularly covert. I returned to Kristin's bedside, finding her unchanged. â€Å"Expose her wrist again, and hold her arm as still as possible for me.† I didn't direct the command to anyone but put enough force into it that I felt certain someone would obey. I was right. â€Å"If this doesn't work, we get a doctor.† My voice left no room for argument. Julia looked paler than Jill but gave a weak a nod of acceptance. I took the washcloth she'd been using and dipped it into my cup. I'd never actually seen this done and had to guess about how to apply it. I made a silent prayer and then pressed the washcloth against the tattoo on Kristin's wrist. She let out a strangled cry, and her whole body bucked up. A couple nearby girls instinctively helped hold her down. Tendrils of smoke curled up from where I was holding the washcloth against her, and I smelled a sharp, acrid odor. Waiting what I hoped was an acceptable amount of time, I finally removed the washcloth. The pretty little daisy was mutating before our eyes. Its clean lines began to run and blur. The coppery color began to shift, darkening into a bluish green. Before long, the design was unrecognizable. It was an amorphous blob. Around it, red welts appeared on her skin, though they seemed to be more of a superficial irritation than anything dire. Still, the whole thing looked terrible, and I stared in horror. What had I done? Everyone else was silent, no one knowing what to do. A couple minutes passed, but they felt like hours. Abruptly, Kristin stopped twitching. Her breathing still seemed labored, but she blinked, her eyes focusing as though suddenly seeing the world for the first time. Her pupils were still huge, but she managed to look around and at last focus on me. â€Å"Sydney,† gasped out Kristin. â€Å"Thank you.†

Comparison Of Chimamanda s Ted Talk On How Dangerous And...

Chimamanda’s Ted Talk focused on how dangerous and powerful a single story is. By focusing on one viewpoint upon various subjects, other stories are ignored. She mentioned how her mother only told her about their house boy coming from a poor family so her viewpoint of that houseboy was based on poverty and nothing else. She was unable to see that he may have had skills, and that people in poverty stricken areas generally do have some form of skills, however little attention is given to them nor do they normally have resources that can help sharpen/put a spotlight on them. Politically this relates to historically repressed facts and mis-told/whitewashed history of various countries formation stories, and their people. Particularly following the legacy of colonization and racism/colorism, stereotypes have held power with negative repercussions for some and privileges for others across the world. Such as how mainstream society constantly paints Whites as heroes, God’s chos en people, innocence and the most intellectual race out of all humans. As being darker serves as their opposite and in a negative way, which helps to reinforce white supremacy narratives because white supremacy wouldn’t exist if a need for black to be negative wasn’t created. Blacks are painted as slaves, lazy, inferior, weak, and individuals with something inherently wrong psychologically. Today the media promotes such bias viewpoints of Blacks with the focus on/the phrase â€Å"black on black crime† in America,

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1179 Words

Winston Churchill once said, â€Å"Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.† Many believe that courage is the ability to do something that is challenging and requires lots of effort, but that is not all. According to Psychology Today, six attributes of courage include feeling fear yet choosing to act, following one’s own heart, persevering in the face of adversity, standing up for what is right, expanding one’s horizons, and facing suffering with dignity and faith. People in the real world can show unexpected and overlooked forms of courage, just like Atticus Finch does in Harper Lee’s novel To Kill A Mockingbird. The setting takes place in the small Southern town of Maycomb, Alabama, where a young girl named Scout Finch learns to see the lively views of society. Maycomb society is characterized by racism hypocrisy, prejudice, and fear. 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Corporate Responsibility Essay - 2011 Words

Corporate Responsibility and Marketing Strategies Examine Apple’s current position on the company’s ethical and social responsibilities, and determine whether or not the company has met these responsibilities. Provide two (2) examples that support your position. In addition to maximizing profits, one of the main objectives to many corporations today is to be well known for their responsible management and ethical performance. Apple is one of the most important companies throughout the world because of its size and their innovative products and services (Sanchez-Barajas, 2012). Nevertheless, innovation is what drives the sector development and the basis for the economic development. Furthermore, Apple has created about 514,000 jobs in†¦show more content†¦The company has been accused of turning the blind eye as their suppliers pollute the country of China (Hay, 2013). Toxic discharges have been trespassing the communities. These large volumes of discharge within the supply chain have caused great danger to the health and safety of the public. This was not the first time where Apple was scrutinized for environmental infractions and their secretive supply chain management in Chines manufacturing factories, where there products are assembled (Gray, 2013). Suggest two (2) methods that Apple can utilize to ensure that its suppliers adhere to wage and benefits standards going forward. Justify your response One method I would suggest to Apple is to make sure that the suppliers are held accountable for any wrongdoings. My next suggestion would be for Apple to have surprise visits to their supplier’s manufacturing facilities. Apple should start tracking the work hours of the suppliers themselves and not rely solely on what the supplier has to say. Furthermore the procurement team must interact with suppliers on a daily basis to make sure their labor demands are met. 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Gallipoli Free Essays

Gallipoli Essay Gallipoli is a movie directed by Peter Weir that was released in 1981. It stars Mel Gibson as Frank Dunne and Mark Lee as Archie Hamilton. The film is about several young men from rural Western Australia (WA) who enlist for the Australian Army in May 1915, around the time that Australia first entered the great war. We will write a custom essay sample on Gallipoli or any similar topic only for you Order Now The film has three main settings and three main acts. Act one is set in WA, act two is set in Cairo, Egypt during the Australian Army training camps. And the third and final act is set in Gallipoli. During the course of the movie Archie and Frank slowly lose their innocence about the purpose of war. Through out the film Peter Weir uses film techniques such as symbolic, written, audio and technical codes (SWAT codes) to influence the viewer to have a sympathetic view towards Frank and Archie. In Peter Weir’s tragedy Gallipoli the viewer is made to feel sympathetic towards Frank through the use of SWAT codes. The viewer is first introduced to Frank Dunne in the second scene of the film in an unknown rural region of WA. When the viewer is first introduced to Frank he is with his mates and they are discussing whether to join the infantry or not. All of Frank’s mates are on board but Frank is not convinced. â€Å"If you want to go and get yourselves blown up then by all means join up. † This example symbolises how Frank is more worldly and has an idea about what really happens in war. This quote also makes the viewer immediately feel sympathetic towards Frank as that viewer gets the feeling that he’s going to leave his mates and have to be alone. This then changes when that when we realise that Frank is going to the Kimberly gift to run this is when the viewer learns that Frank is also a runner however he decides to put a bet on himself to win but the viewer can see through the use of technical codes that although he is confident enough to bet on himself he is still worried about losing the money. The use of technical codes makes this clear as the viewer is shown a close up on Franks face which has an anxious expression. This example from the film makes the viewer immediately feel sympathetic towards Frank as the viewer can see how worried Frank is about losing possibly his last bit of money through the use of SWAT codes and in this case the use of technical codes. There are many other scenes where Frank is seen to be running in most cases when he is running it usually turns out to be successful. This is also backed up through the use of sound codes. â€Å"Oxygene† by Jean-Michel Jarre is heard whenever Frank is running and in every case he usually turns out to be something happy associated the music. However this is used as a trap to the viewer when the song is once again played when Frank is running from officer Barton to General Gardiner. Immediately the viewer begins to think as though something good will happen as whenever â€Å"Oxygene† is played the viewer associates it with something positive. However it becomes obvious that something bad has happened when we see Archie get killed by Turkish soldiers. This example of the use of an audio code clearly shows how SWAT codes are used through out the film to influence the viewer to have a sympathetic view towards Frank. Through out Peter Weir’s film Gallipoli Frank becomes a character that the viewer becomes quite attached to as his character is displayed through out the film. He is seen as a wise, cunning athlete who the viewer becomes very sympathetic towards. This becomes clear from the examples which have been given in the text above. In Peter Weir’s film Gallipoli The viewer is made to feel sympathetic towards Archie. The viewer is made to feel this way through the use of SWAT codes. The viewer is first introduced to Archie in the very first scene of the Peter Weir’s film Gallipoli. The viewer is given a written code saying â€Å"Western Australia, May, 1915† This written code immediately makes the viewer feel sympathetic towards Archie as it is discovered that he is alive during the time that Australia first entered the great war the viewer also immediately makes the assumption that Archie is going to join up as written codes have suggested in the credits. Evidence of this written code that suggests that Archie may join up is in the opening credits. In gothic, blood red text the title says: â€Å"Gallipoli†. This example again makes the viewer feel sympathetic towards Archie as one may get the feeling that something bad may happen to him. Archie’s appearance is another characteristic that makes the viewer feel sympathetic towards him. Archie’s appearance is of a young faced tanned, blonde haired ‘typical Australian’. His appearance also symbolises Australia as a nation in being that it is a very young country. This symbolic code that Peter Weir has used helps the viewer feel sympathetic towards Archie as the viewer may feel that he is just too young o go to war. In the examples given above it becomes clear how the viewer is positioned to have a sympathetic view towards Archie through the use of SWAT codes. Overall I enjoyed Peter Weir’s film ‘Gallipoli’ I found that it had a sad yet comedic view to it and showed the Australian culture during the early years of its federation. The film also showed how nothing good comes out of war and that ma ny young people with infinite potential such as Frank and Archie were killed because of some body else’s war. The film also made the viewer feel in a sympathetic way towards the main characters Frank and Archie. The viewer is positioned to feel this way through the use of film techniques known as SWAT codes. Examples of when these codes are used are shown through out the film have been shown in text above via examples of speech quotes from the film, camera angle and technique analysis, audio analysis, and written text quotes. Through all these examples of where SWAT codes have been used it becomes very clear how the viewer begins to have a sympathetic view towards Frank and Archie. How to cite Gallipoli, Papers

Culture of the Nursing Workplace Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write an Academic Paper on Workplace Culture. Answer: Introduction In every setting, every healthcare organization is often formed to with the aim of achieving certain healthcare objectives and goals. The formation of the organization often brings together different individuals and creates a common platform that motivates them to deliver their best depending on the assigned roles within the organization. According to Henriksson and Kiessling (2016), a healthy workplace culture is a kind that enables other clinical stakeholders to experience valuable learning and suits the atmosphere needed for the nurses to perform their duties. Safe patient care often requires an evidenced based centered framework as it is essential in achieving positive patient outcomes. The necessary support required for the implementation of effective health care and positive health outcomes hence depend majorly on the nature of the workplace culture of the clinical setting. This essay focuses on workplace culture as the major concept of discussion by presenting the general conc ept, theoretical and practical underpins as well as its relevance to the clinical setting. Background information on the workplace culture In their study, Jamieson and Tuckey (2017) point out that workplace culture is a concept that mainly deals with studying the beliefs, attitudes, and thought the process of employees in an organization. The concept hence evaluates the principles and ideologies of an organization as it is the major determinant of the nature of the interaction of the employees with one another as well as the functionality of the organization. Roberts, Demarco, and Griffin (2012) denote that in the language of a layman, workplace culture is the mentality of the workforce that further determines the performance, operations, and success of an organization. Therefore, in the clinical setting, workplace culture plays a vital role in extracting the best out of the nurses within a clinical environment hence giving them to reason to stick to working in the organization for a longer time. Achieving an effective workforce within a healthcare organization hence needs to provide a positive ambiance to all the emplo yees including the professional and the non-professionals (Finn and O'Fallon 2017, p. 495). In a systematic review, Kim and Oh (2016) denote that there are different views presented by scholars when it comes to the concept of a good, effective, or strong workplace culture. However, from different reviews of other researchers concepts, the study denotes that a strong workplace culture within an organization occurs when the employees happily follow the rules and regulations of the organization. Such an environment also motivates employees to adhere to the regulations and existing guidelines so as to achieve the set goals in the process of executing their duties. Without the motivation, the employees get to be reluctant in following the instructions set by the organization and only strict procedures and follow-ups can push them to work, an aspect that describes a poor work setting and a weak culture. The nature of a good workplace culture In their study, Boyer and Guay (2015) point out that the challenges often faced by the healthcare industry currently require the clinical settings and healthcare systems to adopt the application of all the possible and available resources with the aim of reducing the cost of care while improving the quality of healthcare. However, many organizations often fail in realizing one of its greatest resources and the key success of every initiative of the organization, the welfare of the employees. However, to attract and retain skilled and productive employees requires the clinical setting to necessitate a nurturing environment that rewards, encourages, and innovates through material and non-material benefits. Suominen (2015) asserts that intangible benefits such as recognition and respects are more than just the tangible benefits such as good compensation and health insurance are necessary. In other words, the success of an organization depends on the workplace culture adopted by the orga nization as it will determine the nature of the employees behavior and work towards their roles in achieving the set goals. According to Hahtela (2015), a healthy workplace culture is characterized by many factors. Equality in the treatment of the employees is essential as the opposite will only lead to their demotivation and ineffective workplace culture. The management should thus not give special favors to other employees while valuing the relationship between them to be essential than that of the other employees in the workplace, an aspect that requires that all personal relationships take a backseat within the working environment. On the contrary, Kim and Oh (2016) denote that such issues can only be experienced when there are no policies to govern them. In other words, a healthy workplace culture should adopt employee friendly practical guidelines and policies that will govern not only their relationships but their general performance. For instance, pushing the clinical nurses to be on duty even late at night on their birthdays is very impractical as regulations and rules should be made in benefit o f the employees to ensure that they maintain the decorum of the healthcare setting. A healthy workplace culture should as well encourage openness and suitable environment for discussion on matters affecting both the employees and the organization. Menguc, Auh, Katsikeas, Yeon (2016) point out that the culture should motivate employees to share issues amongst themselves with the aim of reaching effective conclusions while everyone is at liberty of sharing their views. Such a workplace culture will also encourage the managers and team leaders to frequently interact with the subordinates to encourage transparency that is essential at all levels and will create better relationships. With openness and discussion in sharing views, issues such as manipulation of information or clinical data to suit personal objectives while causing harm to other employees will be eliminated. Free discussions can as well be achieved by promoting team building activities that will bind them together. According to Pasqual (2013), performance appraisal is an essential part of a healthy workplace culture but is mostly adopted by business organizations with the aim of promoting more sales by rewarding employees for good performance. However, appreciation of top performers is essential even in the healthcare setting. Praising employees for their good work will not only make them feel like part of the organization but will also motivate them to offer their best and make them feel indispensable for the workplace. Rather than just firing, clinical managers should often play a servant leadership role for those who display poor performance as a way of showing them an example and also helping them to pull up in their areas of weaknesses. Sheep (2016) denotes that a healthy workplace culture can only be promoted effectively by bosses who act more like mentors to the employees. In that manner, they will be viewed as a source of inspiration as they provide a sense of direction to the employees while guiding them whenever there is a need. Theoretical and Practical Underpinnings of the Workplace Culture In a clinical setting, Pennefather (2016) denotes that there are different competing variables that have a direct influence on the operation and success of the organization as well as the nature of response displayed by employees towards their duties in the workplace. A healthcare setting is characterized by different facets of conflicting needs for families, institutions, patients, providers, government and healthcare policies, standards, and regulations that tend to create various mixed messages and inconsistencies. Together with the issues of hierarchy, a clinical setting also has silos where every unit or role independently operates without evaluating and understanding the underlying consequences and full implications of their actions to others. In a systematic review, Choi, Oh, and Colbert (2015) denote that such complexities and issues of conflicting interests often create a blame culture within the workplace, an aspect that is considered very pervasive in the clinical setting. According to Elder and McNamara (2013), healthcare as a professional has often been perceived as a role of sole medical professionals working with individual patients. As a result, there is often a blame game of reactions of trying to determine who was at fault so as to find a way of disciplining them to prevent future dangers that can be imposed by patients in case something did not go well with the healthcare procedures or outcomes. Azmat and Rentschler (2017) denote that this can be described as a blame and shame approach, a framework that often leads to the hiding of the professionals rather than the freedom of reporting errors whenever they occur. It is an approach that is practiced by many providers but is considered an antithesis of a workplace culture of safety and effective healthcare provision to patients. However, there are many interventions that are being adopted to change this underpinning factor while encouraging openness among employees so that they can share their ch allenges and views rather than hiding. Bedford (2011) denotes that being open will enable the management of the clinical setting to address the issues and create a free, safe, and motivate working environment that will promote a forward-thinking workplace culture that can enable the organization to meet its set healthcare goals and objectives. In a systematic review on the nature of the global healthcare industry, Milliman, Gatling, and Bradley-Geist (2017) point out that advancement in technology has lead to the progress of clinical knowledge. Many technological innovations are thus adopted in all facets of the clinical setting to ensure effectiveness in the clinical operations and better patient care. The healthcare environment is also encompassed with advancement in the behavior of disease-causing organisms such as bacterial resistance to medication among other challenges. With all these complexities, Lyubovnikova, Legood, Turner, and Mamakouka (2017) denote there is also a constant update of the healthcare policies and standards that often governs the operations of all healthcare settings depending on the location. As a result, a healthy workplace culture faces challenges especially those with old employees that are considered experienced but have little knowledge on the current nature of technological adoptions within the clinical setting. In such a case, the organization will adopt strategies of conducting workshops, training programs, presentations, and seminars will as well be essential in helping the employees to upgrade their skills on the new developments and knowledge towards different issues of their professions. However, this is a strategy that can only be effective for the healthcare professionals of a certain age group that can easily adapt to the changing nature of knowledge and the working environment. In his study, Punke (2013) also points out that most of the global industries do not only have an overall culture but other three subcultures known to be the executive, technical, and operational subcultures. In most cases, each of the identified subcultures tends to have their strategies and ways of executing their roles. As a result, it is very difficult for the professionals to move from one area to another within the subcultures besides their ability to directly or indirectly influence the success of the operation of the organization. It is thus necessary for the management of the healthcare organizations and healthcare executives to first tackle issues that can arise within these subcultures before they focus on improving the overall environment of the organization. Lyubovnikova et al. (2017) also assert that the relevant stakeholders of the management, as well as the caregivers and nurses, need to focus on fostering teamwork while the executive subcultures evaluate and adopt st rategies that will provide value to the services offered within the clinical settings. Relevance of the workplace culture to the clinical context Every clinical setting desires to provide a better or improved patient experience in every area within the healthcare setting. However, Punke (2013) denotes that this can only be achieved by first enhancing the hospital itself as well as the workforce. Unhealthy workforce culture will tend to cause arguments, mistakes, and high turnover while a positive environment can foster engagement and teamwork to motivate stronger productivity. No matter the industry, the workplace culture of every organization is often very essential. In many cases, healthcare professionals tend to have trouble when it comes to collaborating with each other since their focus is always invested in their patients rather than their colleagues. However, coordination and teamwork care are identified as strong pillars of an effective healthcare system with the aim of achieving improved patient safety and better healthcare. A clinical setting hence requires a healthy workplace that is characterized by advanced workfl ows and better communication with a focus on affecting outcomes for the patients who often see most of the benefits. The concept of workplace culture is hence very essential for effective management of a clinical setting and with the aim of developing positivity in the working environment. Workplace culture is essential in developing profiles of successful employees within the organization according to Welbourne, Gangadharan, and Carol, (2015, p. 206). Just beyond referring candidates, the top staff members can also be essential in finding great coworkers through serving as an example to both the current and the future employees of the organization. In other words, the healthcare leaders within the clinical setting can work with the successful employees from different departments to determine and understand the abilities and knowledge they can demonstrate so as to develop a profile by their traits. Punke (2013) denotes that the staff is the best tool that can be adopted in determining and identifying what can make a clinical employee good as opposed to their greatness, an aspect that is essential for the development of the employees portfolio. From the evaluation, the clinical managers will be able to identify what successful professionals do differently and use the sa me information to identify the potential of new employees as well as employing them in developing strategies to improve the workplace culture. Also, the profile can as well serve as objectives and goals to strive towards for other professionals thus helping the employees within the clinical setting to continually improve and develop. There is also relevance in a clinical setting keeping the workplace culture a priority even after the hiring process. According to Woodward-Kron and Elder (2016), the culture of the employees and their engagement plays a major role not only in the hiring process but during the orientation and the daily life of the clinic and the general healthcare system. The organization can effectively take certain steps in making sure that all the employees feel welcomed within the clinical fold during the orientation process as well as monitoring the daily employees engagement. In their study, Bradley and Campbell (2016) also denote that maintaining a positive culture requires the current employees to embrace new hires to help them easily become part of the program. The same study recommends that the management of the healthcare setting needs to conduct face-to-face meetings with the workforce in different departments. Such forums will enable new employees to ask direct questions and share their concerns towards their expectations in relations to the assigned roles. Facilities to take questions can hence be adopted as a strategy of responding to their concerns and update them on the systems of the current events, an aspect that will always keep the employees engaged with the organization for better healthcare. A workplace culture is also relevant when it comes to engaging the employees during the interview processes and evaluation of the organizational performance as pointed out by Elder and McNamara(2016, p. 154). When the employees work as a team and positively get along with each other, a clinic or healthcare facilities often become a better place for work. With the aim of ensuring that an employee fits in a department or a team, the current staff can be involved when hiring new staff. One way of effectively achieving this strategy is adopting a panel interview where the departmental members interview a candidate that will join their department. It is a strategy that will ensure that the selected employee can effectively fit the objectives, goals, and operational process of the department. Conclusion Workplace culture is hence an essential aspect when it comes to ensuring proper management of employees who will, in turn, take good care of the patients and result in a positive performance and success of the organization. In many cases, patients often assess the culture of the clinical setting every time they visit the place and interact with the clinical staffs. It is hence necessary for the management of every healthcare organization to conduct a frequent evaluation of the organizational internal and external culture with the aim of anticipating issues while improving how the visiting patients view the organization. The interaction amongst the staffs as well as with the patients can greatly determine the efficiency and the workplace culture under which they operate. Workplace culture hence tends to be associated with patient satisfaction, teamwork and can be an effective linkage between the clinical and financial sides of the healthcare organization. It is hence necessary for cli nical leader and healthcare executives to employ effective healthcare scheduling strategies to evaluate the labor challenges accoutered by the healthcare system and how they can be fixed to ensure a positive workplace culture. List of References Bedford, Oo 2011, 'Guanxi-Building in the Workplace: A Dynamic Process Model of Working and Backdoor Guanxi',Journal Of Business Ethics, 104, 1, pp. 149-158, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Azmat, F, Rentschler, R 2017, 'Gender and Ethnic Diversity on Boards and Corporate Responsibility: The Case of the Arts Sector',Journal Of Business Ethics, 141, 2, pp. 317-336, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Boyer, R, Guay, S 2015, 'Predictors of trivialization of workplace violence among healthcare workers and law enforcers',Journal Of Threat Assessment And Management, 2, 3-4, pp. 195-213, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Bradley, G, Campbell, A 2016, 'Managing Difficult Workplace Conversations: Goals, Strategies, and Outcomes',International Journal Of Business Communication, 53, 4, pp. 443-464, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Choi, D, Oh, I, Colbert, A 2015, 'Understanding organizational commitment: A meta-analytic examination of the roles of the five-factor model of personality and culture',Journal Of Applied Psychology, 100, 5, pp. 1542-1567, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Elder, C, McNamara, T 2016, 'The hunt for indigenous criteria in assessing communication in the physiotherapy workplace',Language Testing, 33, 2, pp. 153-174, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Elder, C, McNamara, T 2016, 'The hunt for indigenous criteria in assessing communication in the physiotherapy workplace',Language Testing, 33, 2, pp. 153-174, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Finn, S, O'Fallon, L 2017, 'The Emergence of Environmental Health Literacy--From Its Roots to Its Future Potential',Environmental Health Perspectives, 125, 4, pp. 495-501, GreenFILE, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Hahtela, N, Paavilainen, E, McCormack, B, Slater, P, Helminen, M, Suominen, T 2015, 'Influence of workplace culture on nursing-sensitive nurse outcomes in municipal primary health care',Journal Of Nursing Management, 23, 7, pp. 931-939, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Henriksson, P, Kiessling, A 2016, 'Community of practice and student interaction at an acute medical ward: An ethnographic study',Medical Teacher, 38, 8, pp. 793-800, Teacher Reference Center, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Jamieson, S, Tuckey, M 2017, 'Mindfulness interventions in the workplace: A critique of the current state of the literature',Journal Of Occupational Health Psychology, 22, 2, pp. 180-193, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Kim, M, Oh, S 2016, 'Assimilating to Hierarchical Culture: A Grounded Theory Study on Communication among Clinical Nurses',Plos ONE, 11, 6, pp. 1-18, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Lyubovnikova, J, Legood, A, Turner, N, Mamakouka, A 2017, 'How Authentic Leadership Influences Team Performance: The Mediating Role of Team Reflexivity',Journal Of Business Ethics, 141, 1, pp. 59-70, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Menguc, B, Auh, S, Katsikeas, C, Yeon Sung, J 2016, 'When Does (Mis)Fit in Customer Orientation Matter for Frontline Employees' Job Satisfaction and Performance?',Journal Of Marketing, 80, 1, pp. 65-83, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Milliman, J, Gatling, A, Bradley-Geist, J 2017, 'The implications of workplace spirituality for personenvironment fit theory',Psychology Of Religion And Spirituality, 9, 1, pp. 1-12, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Pasqual, L 2013 Enhance workplace culture for better collaboration: Engaging your staff, Healthcare Workforce trend, 78, 3, pp. 69-80, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Pennefather, J 2016, 'Towards a theoretical framework for understanding PGCE student teacher learning in the Wild Coast Rural Schools' Partnership project',Perspectives In Education, 34, 1, pp. 216-229, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Punke, W 2013 Developing a Culture-Based Workforce: Top Healthcare Workplaces Share Best Practices, Journal of Leadership and Management, 161, 1, pp. 23-30, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Roberts, S, Demarco, R, Griffin, M 2012, 'The effect of oppressed group behaviours on the culture of the nursing workplace: a review of the evidence and interventions for change',Journal Of Nursing Management, 17, 3, pp. 288-293, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Sheep, ML 2016, 'Nurturing the Whole Person: The Ethics of Workplace Spirituality in a Society of Organizations',Journal Of Business Ethics, 66, 4, pp. 357-375, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Suominen, T 2015, 'The Relationship of Workplace Culture With Nursing-Sensitive Organizational Factors',Journal Of Nursing Administration, 45, 7/8, pp. 370-376, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Welbourne, J, Gangadharan, A, Sariol, A 2015, 'Ethnicity and cultural values as predictors of the occurrence and impact of experienced workplace incivility',Journal Of Occupational Health Psychology, 20, 2, pp. 205-217, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017. Woodward-Kron, R, Elder, C 2016, 'A comparative discourse study of simulated clinical roleplays in two assessment contexts: Validating a specific-purpose language test',Language Testing, 33, 2, pp. 251-270, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2017